Feldskalenanalyse für Lithium-Ionen-Energiespeicher
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Ex-Manager von Tesla und Northvolt wollen der Lithium-Ionen-Batterie Konkurrenz machen. Bislang dominieren die Lithium-Ionen-Batterien den Markt für Energiespeicher in Elektroautos oder im stationären Bereich als Heimspeicher oder für die Stabilisierung der Stromnetze.
What is a lithium ion battery?
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the dominant technology for BESSs, in particular for short term storage , , , . Residential BESSs are employed to increase self-consumption of photovoltaic systems, sometimes referred to as energy time shift.
How much energy does a lithium ESS use?
Balance of system materials comparison for a representative hypothetical grid-scale LIB ESS (1 MW, 4 MWh) and a EV battery pack (225 kW, 73 kWh [similar to Tesla Model S]). Assumptions are detailed in Table 4.
What are lithium ion batteries (LIBs)?
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are the dominant technology in recent grid-connected ESS deployments [ 14, 15 ]. While a variety of technologies are commercialized for grid-scale energy storage [ 16, 17 ], LIBs are currently more mature than other large-scale energy storage technologies, with extensive deployments and well-established supply chains.
Which cathode chemistries are used in lithium-ion batteries?
Their study took a high-level perspective on lithium-ion batteries and did not differentiate between cathode chemistries, such as LFP, NMC, LMO and NCA which are known to determine the electro-chemical properties, such as energy density and lifespan , .
What are the environmental impacts of lithium ion battery recycling?
(1) Higher impacts are dominated by increasing battery lifetime and increasing metal use. (2) GHG intensity of LIB recycling is 16–32 kgCO2 e /kWh of battery capacity recycled. (1) Secondary use of LIBs in residential applications are an opportunity to further reduce the environmental impacts of LIBs due to load shifting.
What are the life cycle impacts of lithium ion batteries?
Life cycle impacts are dominated by the operation phase. Battery impacts are driven by metal supply (copper and aluminum) and process energy. Lithium components do not contribute significantly to ADP impacts. Higher impacts are associated with cathodes containing cobalt and nickel (NMC) compared to LMO and LFP.